Earthquake hazard and civic capital

We examine the empirical relationship between exposure to earthquake hazard and civic capital in Italian municipalities. Drawing on National Institute of Geophysics Volcanology, we find that increases capital. exploit variation across neighboring municipalities use a neighbor-pair fixed effect estimator establish causal link accumulation decompose along four dimensions – frequency, space, magnitude, timing observe is mostly explained by high-magnitude seismic events past. Our results are line with intuition cooperative social norms build over very long time span.